主要功能
本系統(tǒng)是全球檢出限和靈敏度很高的乙烯監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，主要用于植物研究相關(guān)的乙烯氣體監(jiān)測(cè)，如種子發(fā)芽、植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、開(kāi)花生理、植物器官衰老、基因表達(dá)、植物病原體相互作用、植物激素間相互作用、蔬果收貨后保藏、植物抗逆性研究（干旱、高溫、重金屬）等。
其中乙烯氣體檢測(cè)儀 ETD-300 采用先進(jìn)的激光技術(shù)（光聲學(xué)原理），即樣品乙烯在光聲腔吸收激光后釋放熱使光聲腔內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生壓力，隨激光頻率增減形成能被微型麥克風(fēng)檢測(cè)到的壓力差，而乙烯濃度越高壓力差越大，從而據(jù)聲波強(qiáng)度差可實(shí)時(shí)快速測(cè)量乙烯氣體（C2H4）絕對(duì)濃度；閥門(mén)控制箱 VC-6 完全自動(dòng)化和電腦控制，接一個(gè)即可以使單個(gè)氣體檢測(cè)儀實(shí)現(xiàn)6個(gè)樣品的自動(dòng)切換測(cè)量，單個(gè)乙烯氣體檢測(cè)儀可以接一個(gè)或多個(gè)閥門(mén)控制箱；烴分解器 CAT-1 則利用鉑金顆粒催化烴氧化分解為水蒸氣和 CO2，為系統(tǒng)提供無(wú)烴干擾的樣品空氣。
測(cè)量參數(shù)
測(cè)量參數(shù)：乙烯濃度（ppbv）、氣體流速（l/h）、背景值、模擬輸入（V）
計(jì)算參數(shù)：乙烯產(chǎn)量（nl/h）
連續(xù)流動(dòng)測(cè)定（左）和積累測(cè)定（右）的乙烯監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)圖
應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域
用于環(huán)境、醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、生態(tài)、生物等監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域。特別適合植物生理、發(fā)育研究的超靈敏乙烯測(cè)量。
主要技術(shù)參數(shù)
參數(shù) | 乙烯氣體檢測(cè)儀 ETD-300 | 閥門(mén)控制箱 VC-6 | 烴分解器 CAT-1 | |
測(cè)量范圍 | 0-2 ppm / 0-100 ppm（可調(diào)） | / | / | |
檢出限 | 0.3 ppbv | / | / | |
噪音(2σ) | 0.3 ppbv | / | / | |
精度 | <1% 或 0.3 ppbv | 0.2% FS | / | |
穩(wěn)定性 | <1% 超過(guò) 24 小時(shí) | / | / | |
零點(diǎn)漂移 | +/-1 ppbv | / | / | |
測(cè)量時(shí)間 | 7-9 s | / | / | |
響應(yīng)時(shí)間 | 30 s （當(dāng)流量為1 l/h時(shí)） | 300 ms | / | |
流量 | 0.25-5 l/h | 0.25-5 l/h | 0-30 l/h | |
校準(zhǔn) | 使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混合氣，每年一次 | / | / | |
通道數(shù)量 | / | 6（可增至 12, 18 等） | / | |
測(cè)量模式 | / | 連續(xù)測(cè)量，積累測(cè)量 | / | |
氣體供應(yīng)壓力 | / | 0.5-5 Bar | / | |
過(guò)壓閥 | / | 在 5 Bar 時(shí)打開(kāi) | / | |
濾膜類型 | / | 去除粒徑 >7μm 的微粒 | / | |
最大稀釋濃度 | / | / | 100 ppm | |
輸出濃度 | / | / | < 100 pptv | |
壓力 | / | / | 0-6 atm | |
活性催化劑 | / | / | Pt/SiO2 | |
催化溫度 | / | / | 150–250 ℃ | |
預(yù)熱時(shí)間 | 30 min | / | < 10 min | |
尺寸 | 42x45x14 cm (48.3cm 3U 機(jī)架) | 30x45x10 cm (48.3cm 2U機(jī)架) | 33x24x14 cm （48.3 cm 3U 半機(jī)架） | |
工作溫度/濕度 | 10-28 ℃ / 0-95 % RH | 5-40 ℃ / 0-95 % RH | 5-40 ℃ / 0-95 % RH | |
電源要求 | 90-264 VAC，47-63 Hz | 90-264 VAC，47-63 Hz | 90-264 VAC，47-63 Hz | |
功耗 | <150 W | <20 W | 85 W | |
進(jìn)氣接口 | 接外徑 1/8'' 軟管的快速接頭 | 接外徑 1/8'' 軟管的快速接頭 | 接外徑 1/8'' 軟管的快速接頭 | |
模擬輸入 | 0-5 V | / | / | |
數(shù)據(jù)輸出 | USB，CSV 格式 | USB，CSV 格式 | / | |
顯示 | 觸摸屏 | LED 指示燈 | / |
選購(gòu)指南：
6通道監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)組成如下：
乙烯氣體檢測(cè)儀ETD-300 + 閥門(mén)控制箱VC-6 + 烴分解器CAT-1
注：系統(tǒng)中 3 個(gè)儀器都可以單獨(dú)使用
可酌情選擇單通道系統(tǒng)：乙烯氣體檢測(cè)儀 ETD-300+ 烴分解器 CAT-1。
產(chǎn)地：荷蘭Sensor Sense 
應(yīng)用舉例
1.1 乙烯測(cè)定在高溫脅迫研究中的應(yīng)用舉例
實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：以生長(zhǎng) 3 周的擬南芥野生型 Col-0，突變體 NahG 和 opr3 植株為材料，研究了其高溫脅迫下的乙烯釋放。其中，野生型 Col-0 高溫脅迫（38℃）下，電導(dǎo)率（電解質(zhì)滲透率）、水楊酸和茉莉酸含量和乙烯釋放增加；突變體 NahG 和 opr3 高溫脅迫（38℃）下電導(dǎo)率、茉莉酸和乙烯釋放也增加，但都低于野生型 Col-0，而高溫脅迫后恢復(fù)階段（水中 22℃）電導(dǎo)率明顯高于 Col-0。研究結(jié)果表明：高溫脅迫下，乙烯迅速產(chǎn)生，其生產(chǎn)受到茉莉酸和水楊酸的調(diào)控?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，茉莉酸與水楊酸協(xié)同調(diào)節(jié)植物對(duì)高溫脅迫的耐受，而乙烯主要加快細(xì)胞死亡；突變體 NahG 和 opr3 比野生型 Col-0 的耐熱性差，細(xì)胞死亡多。
圖1 高溫處理下擬南芥植株的水楊酸（a）、電導(dǎo)率（b、c）和乙烯釋放（d、e）
WT：擬南芥野生型；突變株opr3 ；突變株NahG以及培養(yǎng)基agar
Clarke, S.M., et al., Jasmonates act with salicyli c acid to confer basal thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytologist, 2009. 182(1): p. 175-187.
1.2 乙烯測(cè)定在營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏（Mg）脅迫研究中的應(yīng)用舉例
實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：以生長(zhǎng)5周的水培擬南芥 Col-0 植株為材料，研究了其缺鎂脅迫下的乙烯釋放。缺鎂處理后乙烯生物合成酶基因（例如 At5g43450、At1g06620 和At2g25450）的表達(dá)水平明顯上升，樣品乙烯釋放是對(duì)照組的兩倍多，葉片中抗壞血酸 ASC 和谷胱甘肽 GSH 的氧化態(tài)比例增加。研究結(jié)果表明：植物應(yīng)答缺鎂脅迫存在一些獨(dú)特的信號(hào)通路，且與植物激素有關(guān)，而乙烯在應(yīng)答缺鎂過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用；缺鎂還同步增強(qiáng)了植物抗氧化酶活性。
表 1 鎂元素缺乏處理第 8 天擬南芥新成熟葉片和根系的生理參數(shù)
DHA：ASC，氧化態(tài)脫氫抗壞血酸：抗壞血酸；GSSG : GSH，氧化型谷胱甘肽：谷胱甘肽；Ctrl，鎂元素充足的植株；-Mg，鎂元素缺乏的植株
Hermans, C., et al., Systems analysis of the responses to long-term magnesium deficiency and restoration in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytologist, 2010. 187(1): p. 132-144.
1.3 乙烯測(cè)定在病菌感染研究中的應(yīng)用舉例
實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：以品種為 Money Maker 和 Daniela 的成熟番茄果實(shí)為材料，研究了其感染番茄灰霉病菌株 VTF1 的乙烯釋放。灰霉病菌可以在體外產(chǎn)生乙烯，其乙烯釋放與其說(shuō)與分生孢子萌發(fā)相關(guān)，不如說(shuō)與菌絲生長(zhǎng)更相關(guān)，且分生孢子濃度越大真菌的乙烯釋放越多。感染灰霉病的兩種番茄的乙烯釋放規(guī)律與灰霉病菌類似；但釋放量是其 100 倍。結(jié)合受感染番茄的細(xì)胞學(xué)參數(shù)，研究結(jié)果表明：番茄-真菌系統(tǒng)的乙烯釋放不是由番茄灰霉病菌引起的，雖說(shuō)與其內(nèi)部的真菌生長(zhǎng)速率十分同步。
圖 2 真菌（160 μl 懸浮液）的乙烯產(chǎn)量
● 1.5*108 灰霉病菌分生孢子 ml-1 ▲ 2*107 灰霉病菌分生孢子 ml-1 ■ 2*105 灰霉病菌分生孢子 ml-1
圖3 模擬感染和不同濃度番茄灰霉病菌感染的兩種番茄的乙烯釋放
A.番茄品種 Money Maker；B.番茄品種 Daniela；
○ 模擬番茄灰霉病菌感染 ● 1.5*108 灰霉病菌分生孢子 ml-1 ▲ 2*107 灰霉病菌分生孢子 ml-1 ■ 2*105 灰霉病菌分生孢子 ml-1
Cristescu, S.M., et al., Ethylene Production by Botrytis cinerea In Vitro and in Tomatoes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002. 68 (11): p. 5342-5350.
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